宪法与刑事诉讼法关系模式的发展趋势--紧密型关系模式的普遍化

由于宪政的深入发展、刑事诉讼中权力与权利关系冲突的日益加剧、人本主义的滥觞、法律形态的程序化等方面的原因,宪法与刑事诉讼法关系变得更加紧密,世界范围内正逐渐形成紧密型关系模式的普遍化趋势.     

An Analysis of the Joint Board or County Model as the Structural Basis for Effective Australian Local Governance

Australian policy‐makers continue to rely on municipal amalgamation as the main engine of structural reform in local government, despite strong evidence that it diminishes participation and representation without improving service efficiency. Several promising, but neglected alternative models of structural reform have been developed, including ad hoc resource sharing models, Regional Organisations of Councils, virtual local government, and agency models. In an encouraging response to the recent policy of enforced council amalgamations in NSW, the Shires Association of NSW (2004) has recently proposed a ‘Joint Board model’ of local governance and invited comment on this model. This article takes up this challenge and seeks to place the Joint Board model in conceptual context and evaluate its characteristics and simulated cost savings.     

论警察出庭作证制度

完善我国司法制度,建立警察出庭作证制度是必要的;在我国现行法律体制下,警察出庭作证制度尚未形成。我们应根据国际法则与我国实际情况建立适合本国国情的警察出庭作证制度。     

Error minimization and deterrence in agency control

In the presented oversight model, in which a regulatory agency may collude with regulatees, a watchdog organization may scrutinize the agency’s decision-making and find evidence speaking for collusive behavior. Found evidence is of a specific, stochastic quality. Courts will overturn the administrative decision when the evidence presented in court exceeds a minimum quality standard set by the political principal. Lowering the quality standard increases the odds of finding evidence of sufficient quality and, hence, leads to increasing collusion deterrence and to a lower probability of acquitting collusive administrators (type I error), but also to a higher probability of convicting an innocent administrator (type II error). It is shown that, when welfare-maximization gives rise to an interior solution, the welfare-maximizing standard of evidence is lower than the one that merely minimizes the costs of legal errors without taking deterrence costs into account, but will imply incomplete deterrence. However, conditions can and will be identified under which both error cost minimization and complete deterrence coincide with welfare-maximization.     

领导干部的社会主义荣辱观

胡锦涛同志提出的社会主义荣辱观,涵盖了爱国主义、集体主义和社会主义的丰富内容,指明了社会主义市场经济条件下人们世界观、人生观、价值观的核心所在,明确了当代中国的道德评价体系和道德评价标准。高屋建瓴,切中时弊,具有强烈的现实针对性。各级领导干部应准确把握社会主义荣辱观的内涵,充分认识树立社会主义荣辱观的必要性,为全社会作出表率。     

中国政府形象传播目标模型

中国政府形象传播运作程序或运作过程,可分为五个基本步骤--调研、预测;计划(策划);传播、沟通(政府行为 对行为的解释);反馈、评估;矫正(形象修正).此五个环节相互衔接,不断循环上升,形成一个动态的循环式运转模式.它体现了政府形象传播流程的系统性、整体性和计划性.其核心是:政府与社会、公众的有效互动(双向模式),政府组织与其他组织的有效互动.     

政府促进科技创新比较研究

近年来 ,政府在创新中的作用呈现出加强之势。各国政府在促进创新中实施了不同的战略 ,如追赶型、重点化战略等 ;政府作用形成了三种代表类型 :美国模式、欧洲模式和东亚模式。创造适宜的环境 ,建立和完善风险投资机制、激励机制和知识产权保护机制是各国政府推动创新的主要措施。在转型期 ,我国政府在科技创新中应发挥主导作用 ,有效发挥宏观调控、导向和组织协调功能 ,为创新营造良好的软硬环境     

A Test of Generalizability of the Social Development Model Across Gender and Income Groups with Longitudinal Data from the Elementary School Developmental Period

The social development model (SDM) is a theory of behavior that has proven useful in explaining the etiology of delinquency, violence, and substance use among adolescents as well as early antisocial behavior among pre-adolescents. A further test of the model is its generalizability across population groups. A section of the SDM representing prosocial influences in the etiology of problem behavior was compared for boys and girls and for children from low- and non low-income families using three waves of child, parent and teacher survey data on a sample of 851 elementary school students. Multiple group structural equation modeling was used to assess differences across groups in both measurement of model constructs and hypothesized structural paths between constructs. The results indicate overall similarity in the reliability of measurement models and validity of structural models.     

市场经济与民族精神重构

西方文化思潮的冲击,强烈而深刻地作用于当代中国人的心理和观念,影响着以爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义的思想道德为核心的民族精神的时代走向,发展有中国特色社会主义的文化,成为重构民族精神价值取向的重要内容。     

欧盟安全模式的体系层次分析

欧盟安全模式在冷战后日益突出,其特点在于通过有效的多边主义来维护安全。在冷战期间西欧国家地处两极对抗的前沿,两极格局的终结也对欧盟国家造成了重大冲击。因此,欧洲安全模式的形成和发展深受体系结构和体系进程的影响和制约。其中,结构因素发挥更为重要的作用,但同时体现为国际制度的进程因素对于巩固和维护欧洲安全也有重大的反作用。国际制度无法独立于体系结构影响国家行为,在欧洲安全模式形成的过程中,体系结构是独立的自变量,国际制度则是干预变量。